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Sabinus Iulianus
Marcus Aurelius Sabinus Iulianus〔His name is known from his coins, where his name is given as "M. Aur. Iulianus", and from literary sources: Aurelius Victor (''Epitome'', 38.6) and Zosimus (1.73; 1.3) give "Sabinus Iulianus"; "Iulianus" is supported by Aurelius Victor, ''Liber'', 39.10.〕 (also known as Julian of Pannonia; d. 285-286) was a Roman usurper (283-285 or 286) against Emperor Carinus or Maximian. It is possible that up to four usurpers with a similar name rebelled in a time-frame of a decade, but at least one of them is known by numismatic evidence.
== Usurper against Carinus (283-285) ==
Iulianus was a ''corrector'' in northern Italy, in 283/284,〔Aurelius Victor, ''Liber'', 39.10.〕 (and not a praetorian prefect as stated by some sources).〔Zosimus, i.73.1.〕 Soon after the news of the death of Emperor Carus〔 (in 283) or Numerian〔 (in November 284) arrived in the western provinces, Iulianus revolted in Pannonia. He issued coins from Siscia, some of them bearing a legend celebrating Pannonia. Emperor Carinus, brother of Numerian, who had marched from Roman Britain to deal with the usurpation, met, defeated, and killed Iulianus early in 285, in Italy〔Zosimus, i.73.3.〕 (possibly in Verona),〔Aurelius Victor, ''Epitome'', 38.6.〕 or in Illyricum.〔
According to some scholars, it is possible that two usurpers actually existed: a M. Aur. Iulianus, ''corrector'' in Italy, rebelled after Carus' death, with the control of Pannonia, and defeated in Illyricum; a Sabinus Iulianus, praetorian prefect, usurper in Italy after Numerian's death, defeated near Verona.〔Morris.〕
Another usurper, simply named Iulianus, raised some turmoil in Africa Province, against Carinus, with the support of the Quinquegentani tribe.〔Aurelius Victor, ''Liber'', 39.22.〕 It has been proposed〔Bruce, L.D., "Diocletian, the Proconsul Iulianus and the Manichaeans", in C. Deroux, ''Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History'', iii (Collection Latomus, 180; Brusselles), 336-347.〕 that the Julianus proconsul of Africa attested by an undated letter was put to death by Maximian with fabricated treason charges; his figure of rebel in Africa should be, therefore, linked to Sabinus Iulianus (see also Amnius Anicius Julianus).
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